Jumat, September 14, 2007

BIBI KOMALA oleh Hasan Junus

(dimuat di Riau Pos Edisi Ahad 22 April 2007)

Kalau Anda sampai ke India, sempat melihat Taj Mahal dan mengunjungi makam Akbar, singgah jugalah ke desa Kako di Bihar, karena ada suatu kubur yang sangatlah istimewa di situ. Istimewa? Istimewanya ialah itu kubur seorang yang dianggap suci, sebangsa wali atau orang keramat. Biasanya wali keramat itu seorang lelaki tapi Bîbî Kamâlo yang empunya kubur di Kako, Bihar, sejak abad ke-14 ini seorang perempuan. Saya tak pernah sampai menjejakkan kaki di India tapi karena baru-baru ini mendapat kiriman sebuah buku setebal 588 halaman dari École française d’Extrême-Orient hasil kumpulan Henri Chambert-Loir dan Claude Guillot ‘’Ziarah dan Wali di Dunia Islam’’ saya menjadi tertarik pada tokoh wali keramat perempuan ini seperti tertariknya saya kepada Syaripah Syuhada dan seorang wali keramat di Penyengat dalam buku kumpulan ‘’Cakap-cakap Rampai-rampai Bahasa Melayu Johor’’ karya Haji Ibrahim tahun 1868.

BARANGKALI nama-nama seperti Bîbî Kamâlo di Kako dan Syaripah di sebuah pulau di kawasan Riau, seorang keramat keturunan Arab di Penyengat, orang gila tak dimakan api di Senggarang akan saya tuliskan dengan senafas atau sambil satu kali bernafas dalam novel yang tak juga selesai. Kalau tokoh perempuan yang hanyut dari pantai utara Pulau Jawa ke Riau lalu jatuh hanyut di laut Riau dan tersadai telanjang bulat berbungkus daun di sebuah pulau itu berasal dari tulisan Haji Ibrahim, tokoh Bibi Kamâlo saya dapatkan dari tulisan Catherine Champion ‘’Wali Perempuan di India – Bibi Kamâlo di Kako’’ dari halaman 261 sampai 267 dalam buku Ziarah dan Wali di Dunia Islam hasil kumpulan Henri Chambert-Loir & Claude Guillot terbitan bersama Serambi & École française d’Extrême-Orient & Forum Jakarta-Paris & Jakarta 2007.

Bîbî Kamâlo rajin dan tunak beribadat, tapi dia juga seorang yang suka membangkang dan juga dikenal sebagai seorang tukang sihir yang hebat. Pada kata ‘’tukang sihir’’ ini kita berhenti sejenak. Karena perempuan ini seorang muslimah yang sangat taat, baiklah kata ‘’tukang sihir’’ diartikan sebagai seorang yang bisa mengobat orang-orang sakit secara gaib.

Le Petit Larouse Illustré 1993 halaman 1183 mencatat bahwa Bihar ialah suatu negara bagian India seluas 174 000 kilometer persegi, berpenduduk 69 823 000 jiwa, dengan ibukota Patnâ. Keterangan Catherine Champion tentang Bihar ialah bahwa agama Islam masuk ke kawasan itu pada akhir abad ke-12 dan sekarang jumlah penganut agama itu sebanyak 14% dari jumlah penduduk. Enam tariqat besar Islam yang dikenal di kawasan ini ialah Firdausiyah, Suhrawardiyah, Chistiyah, Qâdiriyah, Shattâriyah, dan Madâriyah.

Di antara kubur keramat para wali yang bertebaran di sekotah Bihar itu ada pula kubur keramat Bîbî Kamâlo yang terletak di desa Kalo, distrik Jahanabad.. Orang-orang bersalut mistis seringkali menyakitkan hati kebanyakan orang dan orang kebanyakan. Konon suami Bîbî Kamâlo bosan dengan isterinya yang terlalu saleh, lalu pada suatu malam meninggalkannya dengan diam-diam. Namun setiap kali si suami tiba di ujung jalan, ternyata ia berada di samping ranjang suaminya. Demikian terjadi sekian kali sehingga suami ingin lari itu berkesimpulan Bîbî Kamâlo memang seorang perempuan dan isteri yang sakti sehingga suami itupun mengalah.

Wali keramat perempuan ini berasal dari keturunan sederetan panjang sufi-sufi Bihari terkenal sebagai pengamal tariqat Suhrawardiyah dan Firdausiyah. Dari garis ayahnya dia berasal dari pakar ilmu qalam Jerusalem Tâl Faqîh yang datang menyebarkan agama Islam ke India tahun 1180. Sedangkan garis ibunya membabit kadi-kadi penyebar Islam dari Turkestan di Bihar pada abad ke-13.

Cerita lain tentang Bîbî Kamâlo ialah mirip dengan cerita Haji Ibrahim dalam bukunya Cakap-cakap Rampai-rampai Bahasa Melayu Johor (huruf Arab, Percetakan Gubernemen Batavia, 1868) tentang orang gila tak dimakan api yang kononnya terjadi di

Senggarang atau Seberang (dari Pulau Penyengat). Bukankah para wali keramat sering dipandang oleh anggota masyarakat sebagai orang yang intimewa, genius, dan kadang-kadang mungkin gila? Ketika api mendekati rumahnya, Bîbî Kamâlo tetap dan terus saja tidur. Dan begitu api sudah sangat mendekati rumahnya kebakaran itu lenyap dengan menakjubkan. Konon dari peristiwa inilah munculnya ungkapan orang Kako yang berbunyi, ‘’Sekotah Kako terbakar, tetapi Bîbî îKamâlo tidur nyenyak.’’ Begitulah bunyi sindiran terhadap seorang wali keramat perempuan dilantunkan berbancuh dengan kekaguman yang jujur. â

Kalau Anda berziarah ke kubur Bîbî Kamâlo sambil berobat penyakit gaib Anda akan disuruh melakukan ritual khusus, mula-mula ditanya hal-hal semacam ini: ‘’Siapa Anda? Agama Hindu atau Islam? Anda jin? Atau kirat (semacam hantu kubur), atau dev (yaitu iblis), atau devî (roh gadis yang meninggal sebelum kawin), atau curail (perempuan yang meninggal sebelum melahirkan), atau bhût (roh orang yang mati sebelum waktu kematiannya), atau pari (yaitu semacam peri). Apakah Anda roh petapa Hindu yang mati tak wajar? Tinggal di mana? Mengapa kau mengganggu orang ini? Mau apa Anda? Apa yang harus kami lakukan agar Anda pergi?’’

Tempat kuburan keramat Bîbî Kamâlo di tempat ketinggian itu ialah sebuah situs suci agama sebelumnya. Ada tersebar legenda bahwa tempat itu dulu digunakan untuk praktek religius lokal Hindu membabit nama Dasaratha dalam epos Ramayana. Konon danau yang ada di bawah sengaja dibuat oleh isteri sang raja yang bernama Kaikeyi. Selain dari Hindu tempat itu juga membabit Buddhisme karena seorang arkeolog menemukan sebuah arca Buddha yang memperlihatkan bahwa di situ dulu ada sebuah biara.

Bîbî Kamâlo berupaya keras mempertahankan tempat itu sebagai kawasan suci Islam. Ketua umat Buddha bernama Kanaka merasa terganggu oleh kehadiran wali keramat perempuan itu. Ia pun mencari akal agar dia pergi dari kawasan tersebut. Lalu diantarnya persembahan yang khas kepada Bîbî Kamâlo yang terdiri dari daging tikus. Ajaibnya ketika perempuan wali keramat itu hendak menyantap makanan itu tikus-tikus hidangan itu tiba-tiba hidup. Lalu Bîbî Kamâlo melepaskan kutukan kepada ketua umat Buddha itu dengan pengikut dan keturunannya. Tak lama setelah kejadian itu raja dan keturunannya dibunuh oleh para penduduk yang adalah rakyatnya sendiri.

Ketertarikan Anda dan/atau saya kepada Bîbî Kamâlo boleh kita tingkatkan sampai setinggi-tingginya sehingga mungkin kita menjadikan perempuan wali keramat itu sebagai salah-seorang tokoh utama atau tak-utama dalam sebuah karya sastra, entah dari genre apapun. Dengan semangat post-modernisme yang menggebu-gebu kita berdua mengajak para pengarang di sini mengisi luang dan ruang yang ada dalam mengisi gelanggang kesusastraan yang tersedia bagi kita. Bîbî Kamâlo mungkin berteman atau bertengkar dengan Syaripah karena mereka bertemu di Singapura. Mereka berdua sama-sama mandi air sulung di dua perigi suluk di belakang mesjid Pulau Penyengat.

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